How to put a site in maintenance? [Apache web server]

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ErrorDocument 403 /index.html
DirectoryIndex index.html
<Files ~ "index\.html">
    Order Allow,Deny
    Allow from all
</Files>
Deny from all

Content of your .htaccess file

If you want to whitelist any IP, use this

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ErrorDocument 403 /index.html
DirectoryIndex index.html
<Files ~ "index\.html">
    Order Allow,Deny
    Allow from all
</Files>
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from xx.xxx.xx.xx
Deny from all

Here is a sample htaccess for a wordpress website with 1 IP whitelisted 4.129.45.44 and all others are banned. So you only will be able to load the website while everyone else will see contents of index.html with HTTP Status code 403

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ErrorDocument 403 /index.html
DirectoryIndex index.php
<Files ~ "index\.html">
    Order Allow,Deny
    Allow from all
</Files>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^4\.129\.45\.44$
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^4\.129\.45\.44$
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
 
Allow from 4.129.45.44
Deny from all

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